Immediate Treatments for Wasp and Bee Stings

Q:  I am worried about the possibility of wasp and bee stings. What kinds of first aid are available immediately after the bite?

A:  Bees, wasps, hornets and yellowjackets might sting when confronted. Insect repellants offer no protection. At the time of contact, a firm sharp stinger is embedded in the skin, followed immediately by the secretion of venom. Imbedded stingers should be flicked away with a knife or fingernail – grasping with fingertips or tweezers will compress the venom glands and make the sting even worse.

Most people have localized reactions to insect stings – that is, the physical reactions (pain, swelling and redness) only occur on the skin at the site of the bite. To relieve these, first put ice on the area to limit the spread of the venom. Then apply a paste of one teaspoon of meat tenderizer mixed with one teaspoon of water. Follow this with cool, moist compresses and over-the-counter antihistamines such as Benadryl. Acetaminophen or ibuprofen can be used for pain. Most symptoms should resolve within 24 hours.

Generalized reactions to stings occur in about 4 of every 1,000 stings. They begin 2 to 60 minutes after the sting and can involve a spectrum of symptoms that range from mild to severe and life threatening.

Some people who are hypersensitive will experience symptoms that can include generalized itching, hives, shortness of breath, wheezing, nausea or abdominal cramps. Because these symptoms can quickly become serious, they require immediate treatment and either a visit to the emergency room or a call for an ambulance. The worst of these reactions progresses to anaphylaxis, an extreme allergic response that can be fatal.

People who know they have hypersensitivity or allergic reactions to certain insects typically carry a small kit that holds an injection of epinephrine so they can give themselves a shot as soon as a reaction begins. This usually maintains their vital signs until they can get to the hospital. Many people also take a dose of the antihistamine diphenhydramine (Benadryl) to limit the allergic response.

Not surprisingly, it's best to prevent stings in the first place. Stay away from hives and the nests of wasps and other stinging insects. Insects can be aggressive if provoked. If you discover a nest or hive do not disturb it, but instead warn others about its presence and contact a professional exterminator.

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