Cervical Cancer and Human Papilloma Virus

Q:  I was surprised recently to learn that cancer of the cervix may be caused by a virus. I had never heard this before and would like more information.

A:  Cancer of the cervix should probably be reclassified as a sexually transmitted disease. More than 95% of all cases can be attributed to three types of human papilloma virus (HPV). This is the virus that causes genital warts.

Men with genital warts on their penises or in their groin area can infect their sexual partners. Women can have the virus and the warts in their vagina and on their cervix, with no symptoms whatsoever, and then infect their sexual partners.

The best way to prevent cervical cancer is to have sex with those whose sexual history you know to be free of disease. This is one situation where celibacy for both men and women until marriage makes a great deal of sense. Condoms can be helpful, but as they cover only the shaft of the penis, they cannot prevent transmission from other uncovered areas. Birth control pills and depo-provera will prevent pregnancy, but they do not protect from sexually transmitted diseases.

The best way to prevent progression to cancer of the cervix is through annual Pap smears followed by colposcopy, if suspicious lesions are discovered. Any warts on men or women in the genital or rectal area should be treated as well. There are several new topical medications that are quite effective. The good news is that with early discovery and aggressive treatment, a cure is possible for almost all.

"Your Health" provides easy-to-understand information about common health conditions.