Memory Problem May Be Depression, Not Alzheimer's

Many senior citizens and their families are in fear of developing Alzheimer's disease, which is often characterized by loss of mental faculties and control of bodily functions. And while memory loss is a sign of Alzheimer's, in many cases depression may be the culprit.

This is very good news since depression is treatable while Alzheimer's has no cure.

A recent screening of senior citizens with memory problems, conducted by staff of the Medical College of Wisconsin Memory Disorders Clinic and Marquette University School of Nursing, found that depression, not Alzheimer's disease, was often the cause.

The screening was a small sample -- 67 seniors participated -- but the results illustrated a common issue.

Of the 43 percent who said they were "worried" about their memory, only 14 percent registered in the lower range for memory based on standardized tests, according to Piero G. Antuono, MD, professor of neurology at MCW, who practices at Froedtert Hospital. Of the 14 percent, all but one person scored high on the depression scale.

"We know by clinical experience that memory loss may be tied to anxiety and depression," Dr. Antuono said. "When treated, the memory issue may resolve. Our screening shows that if you have a memory problem, the outcome might not be Alzheimer's disease. It's much the same as if you have a severe headache. Very seldom does it means you have a brain tumor."

The screening was also an effort to find individuals with true early memory impairment -- people who are fully functioning but in most cases remain unaware that they have memory problems. Previous studies have shown that individuals with true early memory impairment develop Alzheimer's at a rate of roughly 15 percent per year. None of the seniors screened was found to fall into this group.

Senior citizens concerned about their memory are encouraged to seek an evaluation to determine the cause of memory loss, thereby facilitating access to early treatment interventions if indicated.

MCW Health News presents up-to-date information on patient care and medical research by the physicians of the Medical College of Wisconsin.